Poverty in New York City

Josh Williams Religion 10 3/16/13 Mr. Martinez Cause Of Poverty In The United States Poverty is an increasing problem in the United States. The cause of poverty in the United States is a plethora of things, Such as the economy getting worse so jobs and factories had to make budget cuts so many people lost their job because Of the worsening economy.This is not the only reason though there is also people who have serious drug and alcohol addictions and use all their money on their addictions and then become poor, there is still the gamblers that loose all their money and there’s the people that never got a good education so never got a good job and was never able to support themselves or families.Poverty is very tragic but sometimes its not only Because someone got laid off their job and there’s nothing they could do about it, but also it can be the persons fault for addictions, gambling and never taking school seriously and regretting it when their older and don’t have a job to support yourself or family. During the Holocaust there were many events that occurred which violated just about every principle of Catholic Social Teaching’s. There are three that stand out the most; these principles are life and dignity of the human person, option for the poor and vulnerable, and also care for Gods creation.These principles were violated in many ways and various occasions during the holocaust. The holocaust violates life and dignity of the human person in many ways one is that it god decides when ones life shall end and how their life shall go but the holocaust killed many innocent people for no reason and that is not what god planned for these people. â€Å"If we bear all this suffering and if there are still Jews left, when it is over, then Jews, instead of being doomed, will be held up as an example. † – Anne Frank.This quote by Anne Frank shows even though Jews were put through so much suffering and were denied their dignity they will still be powerful and great people. â€Å"What exactly was the difference? He wondered to himself. And who decided which people wore the striped pajamas and which people wore the uniforms? † – John Boyne. This quote is saying that killing humans is not fair because what if the killer was being killed and god decided who is who so a person should not be able to decide if he or she should live or not that is gods decision.Option for the poor and vulnerable is that people should not be prosecuted or treated differently for any reason but in the holocausts case it was the vulnerable being attacked and treated differently because Hitler and his Nazi army out numbered the Jews. â€Å"I swore never to be silent whenever and wherever human beings endure suffering and humiliation. We must take sides. Neutrality helps the oppressor, never the victim. Silence encourages the tormentor, never the tormented. † – Elie Wiesel.This quote is showing that the Jews were vulnerable to the Nazi attacks and that no human should have to go through that pain and suffering no matter what condition of living. â€Å"We are alive. We are human, with good and bad in us. That's all we know for sure. We can't create a new species or a new world. That's been done. Now we have to live within those boundaries. What are our choices? We can despair and curse, and change nothing. We can choose evil like our enemies have done and create a world based on hate. Or we can try to make things better. † – Carol Matas.This quote shows that humans no matter how poor, rich, small, tall, or whatever ethnicity or religious beliefs should not be held vulnerable to a force of terrorists or extremist group such as the Nazi’s on the Jews. The last principle of catholic social teachings that were violated by the actions of the Nazi’s during the holocaust was care for God’s creations. This is the principle that was violated the most, throughou t the holocaust Jews were abused and worked to death and killed with various ways of torture showing complete disregard to God’s wishes of loving all and his creations. Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, that turned my life into one long night seven times sealed. Never shall I forget that smoke. Never shall I forget the small faces of the children whose bodies I saw transformed into smoke under a silent sky. Never shall I forget those flames that consumed my faith forever. Never shall I forget the nocturnal silence that deprived me for all eternity of the desire to live. Never shall I forget those moments that murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to ashes.Never shall I forget those things, even were I condemned to live as long as God Himself. Never. † – Elie Wiesel. This quote shows the experience of a Jew who was actually in a concentration camp and he had to deal with the pain and suffering and this quote brings out all the si ck torture he received in a quote and how he will be scared for life and will never forget what happened to him at the concentration camp. â€Å"They thought we were stupid to do it, (hide Jews) of course; in fact, it was beyond their comprehension that we would risk so much for Jews. – Diet Eman. This quote shows even if it was stupid to help Jews and hide them because of the risk of being killed it was worth it because he was aware of God’s wishes and how the creation of god should be loved so this noble man sacrificed and put his own life at risk just to help and care for one of God’s creations. The cause of poverty in the United States is many things in today’s society, such as the worsening of the economy, job cuts, drug and alcohol addiction, gambling, poor income, and not attending college.In many cases some of these cause’s can intervene and affiliate with each other. For example if someone is poor from spending all of their money on alcoh ol and drugs the might try to gamble to get money back, or if someone does not attend college they might not get enough money from their job to provide for themselves or a family if they have one. â€Å"If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. † – John F, Kennedy.This quote by the former president of the United States claims that if a nation can’t help their people who are suffering through poverty it can’t save the corrupt rich citizens who don’t donate and try to help the struggling lower class then they don’t disserve to be wealthy. This is a secondary source because John F. Kennedy did not suffer from poverty. â€Å"Poverty is often concealed in splendor, and often in extravagance. It is the task of many people to conceal their neediness from others. Consequently they support themselves by temporary means, and everyday is lost in contriving for tomorrow. – Samuel Johnson. This quot e is a secondary source because Samuel Johnson did not suffer through poverty. This quote is saying that poverty is not just brought upon someone but if you don’t work hard enough it will come upon you so you must stay humble and never become to lazy and always strive for the best. â€Å"I am a poor man, but I have this consolation: I am poor by accident, not by design. † – Josh Billings. This quote shows that poverty is not planned but if you don’t work hard enough it will come to you, this man did not want to be poor but it caught up to him because his lack of effort and laziness.This quote is a primary source because it is written by someone who has experienced poverty. â€Å"The seven deadly sins†¦ food, clothing, firing, rent, taxes, respectability and children. Nothing can lift those seven millstones from Man's neck but money; and the spirit cannot soar until the millstones are lifted. † – George Bernard Shaw. This quote represent s everything that can corrupt a man and transform a good man into a sinner and these actions will leave him corrupt and poor. Poverty is experienced through out the world in large numbers but continues to grow as a huge struggle for The United states.I have my own personal experience with poverty in my life, as do many citizens of the United States. My personal experience with poverty was about two years ago my aunt who is also my godmother, and a very strong woman in my life whom I look up to was fired from her job because her company needed to save money. This impacted my life in a huge way because my aunt had nowhere to stay and she had to live with e and my family until she found a new job and was able to afford a new house.During this time period every day after my homework I would look in the newspaper with my aunt and help her find jobs that sounded like fun because it made me sad seeing my aunt like this because I looked up to her and she is one of the most inspirational wom en in my life because of the way she faugh through her struggles and overcame poverty and is now very successful. But sadly after my aunt was back on her feet and doing good at her new job a few months later she was diagnosed with breast cancer.When I heard this news I was heartbroken but I didn’t let it upset me because I know that my aunt is the strongest women ever and she can overcome anything she has been cleared of cancer twice and keeps fighting it off I know she can do anything. Poverty even in today remains as one of the United Stats biggest tribulations. More then 15% of the United States suffers from poverty, this is not acceptable we as proud citizens of the United States should fight for each other and always have one another’s back in hardships such as poverty.Ways average people can help decrease the poverty rate s very simple and will not even contribute too much time out of their day, there are easy fast simple ways we can help people suffering from po verty. These ways are doing charitable acts such as donating money, food and shelter to homeless people, or simply just can food drives at your local school just try to get involved and help your fellow neighbor’s. Poverty may be strong but as a powerful unified nation we can do anything and poverty would stand no chance against us because we are gods children and we can do anything!

Linux Hw

What kind of server repond to recursive queries ? how does this server work ? A DNS servers that is setup with to preform recursive queries or an SQL server What kind of dns record is likely to be returned when a web browser tries to resolve the domain part uri? An A (address) record points to a domain. What are mx resource records for? identifies the email servers for a domain How would you find the ip address of example. com from the command line? $ hostname example. com or $ dig example. comHow would you instruct a linux system to use the local network? Dns cache located at 192. 168. 1. 254 or the isp’s Dns cache ,located at 1. 2. 3. 4, if lan nameserver is unavailable ? Tree files to check on. etc man host. conf will tell you about the order option etc Is for static dns resolve etc the file for all your dns needs then edit: /etc/resolv. conf add the following: nameserver 192. 168. 1. 254 nameserver 1. 2. 3. 4 How would you instruct a Dns server response only to queries fro m the 137. 4*ip range Add the following line to the Options section in /etc/named. conf: allow-query { 137. 44. 0. 0/24 }; How might a resolver attempt to find the ipaddress of the example domain A resolver will append several different domains to an unqualified Domain Name producing FQDNS that passes them one at a time. How would you set up a private domain name hierarchy that does not include any of the official interNIC assigned domain names ? Set up a DNS cache that defines the zone . (period) clause explicitly, rather than relying on the hint file.

A Study of BP and its Stakeholders in Nigeria Research Paper

A Study of BP and its Stakeholders in Nigeria - Research Paper Example BP has got much different kind of brands under its product portfolio. Each of BP brand has got its own personality and heritage but have one common thing in them which is that all the brands symbolizes, embodies and also provides tremendous energy. Some of the most top ranked brands of BP includes, ARAL one of the trusted brand in Germany; ARCO which tends to bring in low cost fuels and cleaner in the west coast of US; Castrol which is the world’s top oil for motors and also a specialist lubricants oil; ampm which is a convenience shop brand and Wild Bean Cafe. BP work includes exploration of oil and gas, extraction, moving those extracted oil and gas, making products and fuels out of the gas and oil and finally sells the products and the fuels. BP in the process of its exploration and extraction generates low carbon energy. It has been investing in new ways to provide energy from wind businesses and innovative solar to advanced bio fuels to energy technologies. BP tends to wo rk in ways which would benefit the society, communities and the habitats. The company strives to become the safety leader in its industry, corporate citizen, world class operator and at the same time great employer. BP is working to enhance the safety measures and risk management and earn back the trust and grow value (BP, 2012). Chapter 2 A Brief Organizational and Historical Background History BP history lies from way back in 1908 and since then B has been largely associated with discoveries whether large or small which have contributed into the progress of the company. From an Anglo Persian oil company BP has managed to become the global Oil and Gas Company. In the year 1917 the Anglo Persian Oil company bought BP which was a subsidiary of German company, in order to get its product to the customers across UK. Thus 1917 marked the brand name of BP. In 1920 BP got its official name and logo which was designed by AR Saunders from the purchasing department. 1932 was marked as an ico nic year for B as it has entered the advertisement world and designed advertisement for BP Plus, BP Ethyl and BP Super. In 1961 after the post war, BP had won Academy Award for a short documentary. 1965 BP started giving service with a smurf. Few years later BP extended its product portfolio and included food for poultry, dogs and fish. It became the largest supplier of animal food in North America. In 1988, BP buys Bristol and it became the first ever company to acknowledge potential risk of global warming in the year 1997. Year 2009 marked 100 years for BP and today BP is applying the same dedication towards its work towards challenges and opportunities in the 21st century (BP-b, 2012). Business Review As per the BP Energy Outlook 2030, the world is in the form of transition into a lower carbon energy mix. Thus BP needs to supply oil and gas to meet the demands. In the year 2011, the company invested $1.6billion in the energy business and the total investment made since 2005 amoun ted to about $6.6 million. BP is trying to meet its commitment and is moving forward. 2012 is said to be a year of milestone with high financial expected in the financial year 2013 and 2014 (BP-a, 2011, p.9).

Congress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Congress - Essay Example The second factor at play is a congressman’s political party. Particularly in an age of polarized politics, party lines are becoming far more rigid than in previous decades. So-called â€Å"party-line votes† are common, especially with issues that tend to divide Democrats and Republicans such as budgets (Hook & Bendavid, 2011). Accordingly, a congressperson’s vote is more likely to correspond to the wants and desires of the party. The third factor to be considered is a congressman’s relationship to other members of Congress, beyond party affiliations. Knowing that Congress is a large community, it is conceivable that cooperative back-scratching and returning of favors might lead some legislators to favor some bills over others if there is something to be gained from it in terms of support from other congressmen. The fourth and final factor at play is the likely position of the president. Since the passage of a bill depends on the president’s support , the votes of legislators may change if the general perception is that the president may approve. This may not be the case, of course, in cases of â€Å"symbolic votes†: votes taken with the expectation that the president will veto (Lightman, Douglas, & Clark, 2011). 4. ... ocracy that has existed since Ancient Greece is that it amounts to a â€Å"tyranny of the majority† or â€Å"mob rule.† The Founding Fathers of the United States were notoriously critical of true democracy. For instance, Benjamin Franklin once defined the term by saying, â€Å"Democracy is two wolves and a lamb voting on what to have for lunch† (Moyers, 2009, p. 314). For that reason, the framers of the Constitution put in numerous safeguards to protect the rights of the minority from the abuse of a mob rule. One important concept of protecting minorities is the separation of powers as given in the Constitution, which decentralizes power through a system of checks and balances. A President, for example, is in command of the nation’s armed forces, but he cannot officially declare war on behalf of the United States. The Congress protects the rights of the minority by serving as a voice for those opponents and by officially deciding whether to declare war or not. In addition, with the actual structure of the Congress, two senators are elected from each state, no matter its size. Rather than having a small majority of legislators from any given state, the power of the large state majority is tempered by the representatives from smaller states. However, the Congress does still promote majority rule by operating on the principle that what is moral is the greatest good for the greatest number. Accordingly, decisions are made when a majority of those in favor or opposed is established. But even a minority has the chance to speak and make its voice heard in Congress, which is its right. References Hook, J., & Bendavid, N. (2011, April 16). GOP passes budget cut. Retrieved November 1, 2011, from The Wall Street Journal:

Coca-Cola HBC Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Coca-Cola HBC Case - Essay Example al understanding on giving high importance for customer value, CCHBC was able to formulate essential moves in order to achieve its strategic aims through its operations management practices. In great detail, the success of CCHBC in achieving its strategic aims includes its operation strategy, operation model, operation process and supply network. One important reason why operations management practices of CCHBC enabled it to achieve its strategic aims is simply made possible by activating control within its target market, an integral part of its supply network operation. This is made evident by ensuring that its supply chain management (SCM) could function efficiently. When it comes to what is efficient, CCHBC was able to invest in technology, infrastructure and organisational practices especially in its demand-driven SCM. The main point of CCHBC is to reach its target market at a highly affordable cost so it is important that its service delivery together with its associated custome r value is controlled through its efficient SCM. Product availability, operational performance and reliability, the nature of demand are some of the most important factors to be considered in understanding the nature and implementation of efficient SCM (Mentzer, 2001; Li, 2007). For instance, CCHBC wants to optimise positively some certain costs associated with inability of certain products so it is important that primary attention should be focused on product availability and monitoring. In fact, this is one of its reasons why there is a need to diversify its product offerings up to certain range anywhere and at any time ensuring availability whenever customers would need them. Its operation management practices enabled the company to put everything in order to meet the organisation’s... The intention of this study is Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company (CCHBC) as a company that essentially looks forward to how it could present the best part it could offer to its customers. In today’s highly advanced economy, every firm or organisation is faced with the need to achieve their competitive advantage through giving focus on providing value for customers and ensuring teamwork and efficient working organisational structure and system. This paper tries to establish some important strategic issues associated with Coca-cola HBC (CCHBC), one of the largest bottlers of non-alcoholic beverages in Europe. In this paper, the proponent discusses relevant issues concerning how CCHBC provides value for its customers, its capacity management, issues concerning its suppliers, and the role of management information system and data mining in improving its effort to increase the value it provides for its customers. Creating the best value for customers is therefore tantamount to ac hieving the right possible approach within the bound of both internal and external business environment and including economic and non-economic factors and other related business concerns. It is therefore recommended that CCHBC has to explore further in great detail other relevant strategic moves that could help enhance its capacity of creating the best value for its customers. At some point, it is important on its part to explore more about the impact of MIS and sophisticated data mining approach on its strategic objectives prior to understanding its customers and creating a need and value for them.

Observation report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Observation report - Research Paper Example In the past, this particular school had been reviewed around 12 times. In accordance with this result associated with the review, it provides the scenario of 3rd rating. Besides, the school phone number is given as 718-278-1220. The name of the Principal of the school is Ms. Rebecca Heyward. The classroom represents a 2nd grade special education. The classroom uses the technology of Individual Education Program (IEP) for providing information to the students. The width of the classroom is about 25 square feet. The classroom has many colourful posters and also has colours of ‘transparent submicron suspension’ within it. However, I have observed that the students do not give heed to the colourful walls and posters. The names of the students present in the class are Adan, Reinaldo, Jeaden, Chris, Julissa, Nicholas, Mathews, Lucia and Khamari. On close observation, I found out that the students were very friendly and used to call me by the name Mr. R. Out of these special children; few seemed to me to be quite normal. I observed that Mathew and Reinaldo were very energetic and good in mathematics. I had conducted a test on the fourth day, which they both passed without making any mistakes. The names of the teachers are Ms. Pappas, Mrs. Messano and Mrs. Draz. These teachers are competent enough in the ground of paraprofessional. The domain of planning related to the aspect of study involves chart that reflects a series of elements being involved to teach the special students effectively. I have observed that it involves birthday celebrations lists. Besides, it incorporates the school book of the month that contains the name of 100 American Women. In terms of planning that has been quite noticeable, there is a reading unit that mainly introduces the students with the historical background of the United States. The teaching module plan also entails the

Just-in-Time (JIT) Techniques Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Just-in-Time (JIT) Techniques - Assignment Example Thus by thinking about the problem the problem it can be viewed and finally when the problem eventually becomes clear leads to kaizen. If one makes it a rule to deal with defects only after they occur and thus the number of its staffs tends to fall. Therefore, things that are running smoothly should not be subject to any control. If you commit yourself to just finding and fixing problems, you'll be able to carry out effective control (within an organization) with fewer personnel†. This concept is very well applied in Toyota. Since everyone at Toyota is involved equally at the business improvement plan. The people at Toyota participated in the meetings which are held regularly and discuss the progress and also consider the new initiatives. Thus, everyone at Toyota is expected to contribute and all the ideas are equally listened to by the management of Toyota. Unlike other organization there are no suggestion boxes in Toyota as people are not afraid to talk about the new ideas an d plans (Hope & Player, 2012, p. 211). The success of Toyota an automotive company has been able to achieved success with the techniques of lean which is monitored by most of the organization (Blanchard, 2007, p. 97). According to the managing director of Toyota, the long principle of Toyota production System (TPS) will continue to work with the system of Just In time and will not change in the future and its production is able to meet all the upcoming challenge. Just in time revolves around the concept of producing of only what is needed and thus transferring only what is needed. Instead of the system of push system, it represented only to the pull system where the workers get and fetch what is required. Tools, such as the Kanban (the information card); and on the display board, as well as poka yoke the error prevention, was developed in order to implement the pull strategy (Toyota, 2012). The Toyota Production System had the ability to fulfill the demand of the customers efficient ly and promptly by way of linking the production to market place. JIT relies on the process of assembling the sequence only when they are required and needed (Toyota (A), n.d). Just in time offers a continuous, smooth and an optimized workflow with measured and careful work cycles and with the on demand movement of goods, materials capacity and reduce the cost of the time wasted. The members of the team can concentrate on each of their task without any interpretation which finally leads to better quality; deliver at the given time and of course peace of mind for the customers of Toyota. Potential Benefits — and Drawbacks — of Such JIT Techniques Are Limited to Large Manufacturing Businesses or Whether They Have Wider Applications for Other Organizations Benefits and Drawbacks Just in time has benefited many of the organization in many different ways and some of the benefits includes such as with the help of just in time the set up time can be reduced which allows the o rganization to eliminate the time needed to set the inventory; the flow of inventory increases from the warehouse to the selves; employees with multi skills are used at an effective and efficient way. Employees with multi skills allows the companies to move the workers to the required department with ease and confident; the relationship between the suppliers and the

Velocity and Flow Rate Measuring Instruments used in Pipes Essay

Velocity and Flow Rate Measuring Instruments used in Pipes - Essay Example Some relevant principles of fluid mechanics that are underlying principles of various flow velocity and flow rate measuring types of equipment are – â€Å"Pascal’s Law†, â€Å"Equation of Continuity† and Bernoulli's Equation†. These are briefly discussed below. The law states that pressure applied to any region of a liquid is transmitted to the entire liquid without any drop in the magnitude. This is the underlying principle for pressure measurement using the manometer. This law has several interesting applications like hydraulic lift and other hydraulic devices. This law can be mathematically stated as Where P1 and P2 are pressures at points 1 and 2 respectively, ‘ï  ²Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ is a density of the liquid, ‘g’ is the acceleration due to gravity and ‘h’ is the elevation of point 2 with respect to point 1.This is essentially a statement of the law of conservation of matter as applied in fluid mechanics. This law states that for an incompressible fluid the flow rate remains the same at any cross-section along the flow direction. This equation is essentially a statement of the law of conservation of energy as applied in fluid mechanics. This law states that for an incompressible and non-viscous fluid the total mechanical energy remains conserved along the flow line. This law can be mathematically expressed as This equation forms the backbone of most of the flow velocity and flow rate measuring instruments. Some of the important instruments measuring flow rate and flow velocity in a pipe are briefly discussed in the subsequent sections.While both the instruments work on the principle of Bernoulli’s equation and introduce in variation in the cross-sectional area of the flow path, there is the small difference in the two instruments. Venturi meter is much longer than an orifice plate, which is essentially a plate. Normally the reduction in cross-section is much larger in case of the orifice meter than that in case of Venturi Meter. Hence, measurements are more accurate in case of orifice plate than in case of venture meter.

Flight Patterns Essay Example for Free

Flight Patterns Essay What is Sherman Alexie’s notion of the reality behind a story as this notion is presented in â€Å"Flight Patterns† I think Sherman ‘s notion of reality is that life is full of contradictions. The society sets up so many rules for people to follow, and people are often judged by their ethnic group, gender, religion†¦etc. Accordingly, they have to behave properly in order to meet the expectations. However, in reality not every person can deal easily with the role he is supposed to be in. For example, William doesn’t want to choose between American and Spokane. He loves them both. In religion, he is a generously religious man. In ethnic, he is a Spokane Indian while having in civic life like most American. In the text, it states that† William wanted all of it .Hunger was his crime.† I think Sherman Alexie points this out to tell us that in reality, a person might feel bemused to make a choice among all he wants. Fikadu faces the difficulties between killing his own people for Selassie and living with his family. William faces the difficulty between jobs and family. They both make up their mind and make the difficult choice despite feeling uncomfortable. The reality is not perfect as we may consider it. People sometimes have to make sacrifices or compromises to accomplish a bigger task. I think William chooses to believe Fekadu’s story because no matter it is true or not, it tells the essence of reality in this society.

Elasticity of Demand Essay Example for Free

Elasticity of Demand Essay Elasticity of demand, also known as price elasticity refers to the way people react to price changes. The greater the demand elasticity, the more sensitive people are to changes in pricing. The degree of demand of a product or service depends on its pricing. If the product is priced lower, it will experience high demand while a higher priced product may see lower demand. Generally, products such as cars, appliances, cosmetics and other non-essential items show elasticity of demand while food, medicine, clothing and other necessities display inelasticity of demand. Our survey consist various types of green teas which are Dilmah, Lipton and Ten Ren. All three products that we surveyed contained the same amount of tea bags which is 20 tea bags. Dilmah was priced at RM8. 00 which comes up to RM0. 40 cents a bag and Ten Ren was priced at RM8. 79 which comes up to RM0. 44 cents a bag while Lipton was priced at RM18. 40 making it RM0. 92 cents per bag. From this information itself, we can say that Dilmah and Ten Ren are similarly priced while Lipton is priced considerably high compared to Dilmah or Ten Ren. According to the concept of price elasticity of demand, a 10% rise in price will result in a more than 10% drop in quantity demanded if a product shows elasticity of demand. If a product show inelasticity of demand, a 10% rise in price will result in a less than 10% drop in quantity demanded. At the price range of RM8. 00 to RM8. 79, we assume that Dilmah and Ten Ren are products that show inelasticity of demand while Lipton priced much higher at RM18. 40 shows elasticity of demand. We argue that this is due to the nature of the good where Dilmah and Ten Ren are considered necessities while Lipton is considered a luxury because they are aim towards different markets. Dilmah, Ten Ren and Lipton are supposed to be similarly priced because all three brands are Green Tea and carry two bags each but the higher pricing of Lipton suggests otherwise. Substitutes are supposed to be similar in pricing. Therefore this justifies that Lipton is a luxury good and aimed for a higher market. A lot of close substitutes exists at similar pricing for Ten Ren and Dilmah such as BOH and Cameron who also offer Green Tea. At this market, when one product experiences a change in price, a substitute of the product will either experience an increase or decrease in quantity demanded depending on the nature of the price change. Therefore due to the availability of many close substitutes, demand is more elastic for Ten Ren and Dilmah. However for Lipton which is aimed at a different market, the existence of close substitutes are almost none. Hence, Lipton would show an inelasticity of demand. When the income of consumer increases, the share of budget increases. Therefore, consumers have the ability to choose more. Luxurious product can be also purchased depend on the consumers budget, then the quantity increase as well. Since, Lipton is luxury good, when our consumer’s income increase, they will choose Lipton instead of Dilamh and Ten Ren. Moreover, when the income of consumer decreases, share of budget also decreases. Therefore, they will not choose luxury product, they will choose more necessity product such as Dilmah and Ten Ren. http://www. ehow. com/info_12132333_advantages-elasticity-demand. tml http://www. investopedia. com/terms/c/complement. asp http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/elasticity-of-demand. html Complements are very important these days. Complement is a product that is used in together with another product. There are no fixed complements for green tea (Ten Ren, Dilmah, Lipton). However, some consumers use complements such as sugar or honey to go with their green tea. In this situation, a decrease in th e price of sugar or honey might lead to an increase of quantity demanded of green tea. ( Ten Ren, Dilmah, Lipton).

Consumer Behaviour in Organic Food

Consumer Behaviour in Organic Food A RESEARCH STUDY OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR WITH REGARD TO ORGANIC FOOD IN THE UNITED KINGDOM AND INDIA Executive Summary Consumer Behaviour is an aspect that is being very vital in the globe of marketing. Food is a basic requirement for all the livelihoods and consumers require maximum satisfaction on the products they choose. Now consumers are more conscious about their health and choose nutritious food though they are expensive. Todays consumers are increasingly displeased with GM (Genetically Modified) and conventional food and are therefore stirring up to organic food. Many consumers are going organic not only towards food even towards clothing, beauty products, skin care and also paper. Organic food is not only healthier due to its ethical ways of production which do not use man-made chemicals and redundant preservatives as opposed to conventional food. It is also eco-friendly due to environment cognizant methods which are used for the production of organic food. The benefits of organic food are more whereas the disadvantages (such as price premium) are negligible when compared to its betterment. Regular buyers of organic food are willing to overlook this minor disadvantage when compared to its other disadvantages which affect their health. In spite of the debates, consumers prefer organic food to conventional food because it removes the question of eating food that is unnatural or food that is not eco-friendly. In this research work the consumer behaviour towards organic food in United Kingdom is studied and compared with that in India. The factors (such as consumer expectations, beliefs, criteria, concerns, quality, awareness etc) that affect marketing of organic food in UK and India are also studied with relevance to consumer behaviour. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT To successfully complete this dissertation was the most significant challenges I ever had. I would like to thank God and my parents who believed in me gave me full encouragement and support. Simon Speller, my supervisor who was very kind enough to help me out despite his academic and other commitments. I wish to express my warm and sincere thanks to him who encouraged me and guided me throughout my research study. His wisdom, immense knowledge and commitment to the high standard motivated and inspired me. He was always accessible and enthusiastic to help his students. Without his patience and directions I would have found it hard to complete my dissertation. I would like to thank specially my Module leader Yi Zhu, who encouraged me and never hesitated to help me out during my study. I immensely thank my friends and employees of the stores who were always there to lend me their hand. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background This research work revolves around the consumer behaviour and attitude towards organic food in United Kingdom and in India. A concise introduction will be given on consumer behaviour and how vital it is in the field of marketing. Secondly, an intense understanding of the term organic will be known. Many theories and phases associated with organic food will be emphasized and assessed in this dissertation. A various number of consumers of organic and conventional food are approached and consulted to get their views and estimation towards organic food. Not all the consumers approach towards organic food seems to be alike; consequently the application of certain statistical method helps us in further understanding the relation and the patterns in the consumer behaviour styles and trends in organic food in the two countries. This also helps us to identify how the consumers in UK and in India differ from each other and also we could recognize the ways they are similar in. On the whole, the similarities and differences between the consumers of organic food in UK and in India are deliberated. To obtain this information many respondents were requested to answer questionnaire concerning this topic and later on these answers were analysed using statistics. In the end these are discussed and limitations and conclusions are given and suggested. 1.2 Introduction to organic food Organic food is grown and produced using some production standards. The conventional pesticides, chemicals, fertilizers used for the production of conventional food are not used for organic farming. The organic farms are also free from human and industrial wastes. No artificial food additives and ionization process is used. Previously, organic food were grown only in private gardens and small farms thus making it only available in farmer markets or family run small stores. Nowadays, organic food is widely available. But there are a lot of standard and certifications that the sellers should possess to market the fruit and vegetables. There are heavy regulations in the organic fruit and vegetable industry. The organic food sales are expected to grow by a large percentage in the near future. 1.3 General Aim The aim of the study is to find out the consumer behaviour and approach towards the consumption of organic food in UK and in India. The elements and factors (health factors, eco-friendliness, production methods, ethics, taste, quality, safety standards etc) influencing the consumers decision making are also studied. 1.4 Research Questions How does the consumer behaviour towards organic food vary between India and UK? In what ways do consumers in the two countries expect the food to be different from convenience foods? What are the popular beliefs among consumers about organic food? When will India accept organic food widely, the way UK has? What makes organic food to be preferred more than convenience food? Why is there a variance between the preference rate and sales of organic food in both India and UK? What are the factors owing to this? How do the attitudes of Indian consumers differ from that of the British with respect to organic food? The above given question is the main aim and the biggest question for this study and research work. There are of course many sub questions as well which will also be researched in the course of this study. The question speaks about finding out the attitude differences in both the countrys consumer behaviour but the study might also prove the similarities in both the countrys consumer behaviour patterns towards organic food. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction In the literature review, the studies of previous research work by other researchers are conducted. This helps us to recognize what other research works have arrived at with relevance to consumer behaviour and organic food. It is of big help because it has allowed the perception of consumer behaviour in regard with organic food especially in the United Kingdom and India because research work is proposed to be more specific rather than being more generalized. Theories and patterns are analyzed from previous research work which helps us to comprehend the topic better. Its a framework which basically positions down the strategy for the research work. The concepts, theories, cases, models etc used for the presentation of the research are basically elucidated for understanding the study being carried out. In this dissertation, a few theories and models will be analyzed and discussed. 2.2 The effect of organic food on the environment The production of organic food is not harmful to the soil, water, air or even the flora and fauna in the sense that they do not release any toxins or harmful substances into the environment or the ecology as a whole. The energy consumed for organic farming is much lesser than the level of energy needed for conventional farming methods thereby helping energy conservation process. The usage of pesticides for farming of conventional food contains a great percentage of harmful toxic chemicals which have a negative impact on the health of the farmers, those living in the locality of the farms and the people who consume them. The aquatic animals in the water bodies near the farms and the birds which feed on the produce of these farms suffer various genetic problems and disorders which are mostly fatal. 2.3 Level of nutrients The content of nutrients in organic food are around 40% to 60% greater than that of the contents in conventional food. The level of antioxidants in organic food is up to 40% greater than in conventional food. These anti-oxidants are necessary for the normal well being of a person and helps in reducing the risks of various diseases and disorders. A large number of organic food consumers say it is much sweeter, tastier, better textures and firm than conventional food. 2.4 Cost: Organic food are anywhere between 5% and 40% more expensive than conventional food. This is due to the use of the standards and processes applied for its farming. It is more labour intensive because it is more difficult to farm organic food because they are prone to getting rotten easily if the standards and physical conditions are not met with. It uses more natural farming methods and is more often produced on a small scale level. Most countries import organic food and therefore it is more expensive than similar fruits which are produced conventionally. 2.5 Organic certificate: Most consumers of organic food think it is healthier for them. But to be sure what is being consumed is organic; one has to look for the certificate of organic food. To be certified as organic, a minimum of 95% of it must be organic. The rest 5% has stringent rules and standards. Synthetic chemicals or other processing standards are not acceptable. The food from a particular farm can be certified organic only if the farmer of that particular farm has been producing organic food for a minimum of 3 years. 2.6 Pleasure of going organic: Whether it is a psychological factor or not, it is not clear yet, but majority of organic food consumers on the whole feel it is tastier than conventional food. They also have the content feeling because they feel they are doing the environment better by opting to go organic. In todays mechanical times, most people are busy and hardly have time to prepare a proper meal with all the ‘good, healthy contents that are necessary for a healthy, balanced diet thereby opting for food that is convenient to get and make in most ways. Many old timers find the taste of food constantly decreasing. For instance, watermelons used to taste as sweet as sugar in India about 30 years ago, but now sugar needs to be added to make it sweet enough to drink its juice or make a fruit salad out of it. A survey conducted by the Soil Association in 2005 included a representative sample of 1000 people who were questioned about what they considered important while buying organic food. 95% said it was the ta ste and quality that mattered, 57% said price was considered while making a purchase. (Simon Wright, 2008) 2.7 Ethical factors and responsibility affecting choice: An average shopper for food in the supermarket is faced with so many dilemmas and attractive offers and discounts such as super savers etc. Many shoppers also succumb to these attractive offers on convenience food, but there are also a considerable percentage of shoppers who overcome these dilemmas and go in for organic food. Some of the shoppers are so loyal and inclined towards organic food that the thought of buying convenience foods never even crosses their minds. Most of them are considered about whether the farmers are given fair treatment and paid what they deserve (fair trade) and also concerned about the ecological friendly measures taken up while farming of these food which are better for the environment as well. Most of the non shoppers of organic food who prefer the convenience farmed foods do so mainly because of the price factor; some of the shoppers of organic food too think so. More shoppers prefer buying their organic food from the local farmer markets and small time local suppliers rather than the super markets because they feel the ‘stuff there is fresher and also the farmers will be getting a better deal off it. Those who prefer buying it from the supermarkets do so mainly because of accessibility constraints. 2.8 History of organic food in India: The concept of organic food is not new to India. At the beginning of the 19th century, Sir Albert Howard, one of the most important pioneers of organic farming, worked in India for many years studying soil plant interactions and developing composting methods. In doing so he capitalized on Indias highly sophisticated traditional agricultural systems which had long applied many of the principles of organic farming (for instance mixed cropping, crop rotation with legumes and botanical pesticides and so on) Through the introduction of the Green revolution, agricultural technology in the 1960s reached the main production areas of the country, there were still certain areas (especially the mountainous regions), and communities( especially certain tribes) that did not adopt the use of agro chemicals. Therefore, some areas can be classified as organic by default, though their significance and extent has been over emphasized in recent statements made by the government officials and NGO representatives. However, an increasing number of farmers have started consciously abandoning the use of agro chemicals and now produce organically. In the olden times in India, organic food farming was the main source of income for most of the people inhabiting the rural areas of India and it was also the major exporter to the world. In the 1960s, due to famines, droughts and extreme food shortage, the Indian Government started the idea of Green Revolution which made the farmers switch over to harsh chemicals for fertilizers, pesticides etc to multiply and increase the food production by a great level. This led to the sidelining of the usual organic farming methods of using natural fertilizers and pesticides which was obtained from plants and animals. Slowly in course of time, the Green revolution started decreasing the soil fertility, and the crops started getting immune to the harsh chemical fertilizers and this also started affecting nature as a whole and the environment as such. Therefore, a large number of farmers are moving back to the organic ways of farming and thus helping the surroundings as well apart from the consume rs. Genetically modified foods which were acceptable during the Green revolution period are now totally detested by most people and has a lot of negative aspects. Most of the big supermarkets in India have a separate section allotted for organic foods which are gaining a lot of demand and attention by the domestic market. (http://www.agricultureinformation.com/forums/organic-farming/15397-organic-farming-exports-food-consumption-india.html) According to a small recent survey taken in Mumbai, India, awareness about the presence of organic food is quite low. 25% of the respondents were aware of the availability of organic food and 36% out of them actually used them. The main reason for the use of organic food attributed towards the benefits it had on the consumers health. When compared to consumers of organic food in the United Kingdom, the Indian consumers did not mention the benefits it had regarding the environmental factors. It generally had a minor relevance to the Indian consumers of organic food. Most of the organic consumers had a purchase frequency of buying the food on an average of once a month. The purchase rate of organic food to conventional food was a ratio of 1:10 respectively. Most people in India do not consume organic food and organic food in general due to the fact that they are not aware that such a thing exists at all. When posed with the question if they would buy organic food because it was healthi er for them, all the non consumers and non buyers of organic food answered they would buy it solely because of the reason that it was better for their health. The domestic market for organic food is nowhere near as great as the export market for it. Indian domestic consumption of organic food is only a meager 7.5% of the entire organic fruit and vegetable production, the rest of which is directed towards the export market which is very great as Indian organic farming techniques are one among the best in the world and the resources are natural and pure in India. Most of the domestic consumption of organic food in India is seen in the big urban cities such as Chennai, Mumbai, Kolkota, Delhi, Hyderabad to name a few. These cities are noted to be inhabited by the upper income groups of the country, thereby showing that the upper income groups are obviously the predominant consumers of organic food in India. 2.9 Growth in the domestic market in India for organic food: There has been a considerable increase in the growth of demand and consumption of organic food in India. Many NGOs are aiding and assisting farmers to do better in their area of organic fruit and vegetable faming. Increase in demand by the local market in India for organic food are mainly because of health conscious factors, being aware about the product and its benefits, appealing marketing strategies and the ease of availability. These are the main factors considered according to some NGOs in India. It is a myth that most of the organic produce is exported to foreign countries. Today market for organic food in India is on the rise. More than 50% of the produce is consumed by the domestic market. The rest is aimed for the export market. Most of the domestic market consumers in India prefer organic food especially in families with growing children due to the beneficial factors in them. 06-07-2008 S.Annadana Senior Member Business Member Join Date: May 2006 Location: Organic Agri Business Organic farming, exports Food Consumption in India (http://www.agricultureinformation.com/forums/organic-farming/15397-organic-farming-exports-food-consumption-india.html) 2.10 Committed Organic Consumers HDRA participating members completed a questionnaire on background information about the participant and their household. They answered precise questions about their behaviour as organic consumers focusing on organic vegetables. Questions included weekly spend on vegetables, percentage of organic vegetables bought, factors to encourage purchasing and where and how regularly they bought organic vegetables. This information was analysed and combined with a brief literature review of research into committed organic consumers in the wider UK population. Committed buyers tended to be older and more affluent than the UK population average, over two thirds were in social classes A, B or C1, compared to fewer than 50 per cent in the population at large and most lived in London and the South East (TNS, 2003; Padel and Foster, 2005). The majority of committed organic consumers spend was from the two groups of empty nesters whose children have left home and families with children under 5 years (TNS, 2003). TNS (2003) found fruit and vegetables were the main entry point to organic purchasing as 55 per cent tried them before any other category. Padel and Foster, (2005) identified that committed organic consumers took on a greater number of issues and motives, which varied depending on the product category. The two most important motivations were taste and health. TNS (2003) reported there was a â€Å"direct correlation between the extent to which consumers believe in the health and taste benefits of organic food and the number of categories they buy into†. Padel and Foster (2005) found personal health was a particularly strong driver among UK consumers and related it to an absence of residues and food safety although Zanoli (2004) identifies that across Europe health seemed to be the central motive for buying organic produce. Environment and animal welfare were growing in importance as drivers (Padel and Foster, 2005). Food origin was particularly important as 60 per cent of organic consumers were more likely to buy organic food if it originated from the UK compared to 38 per cent for whom it didnt really matter (TNS, 2003). Price was often found as a barrier to purchasing although committed buyers had a higher willingness to pay (TNS, 2003). This is common across Europe (Zanoli, 2004). Organic consumers bought organic food an average of 12.8 times a year and average spend per shopping trip was  £2.53 (TNS, 2003). Committed buyers spend more on average and buy more frequently than less committed buyers. The ma jority bought organic produce in Tesco, Sainsburys and Waitrose. It is usually seen that most people who are regular buyers of organic food are either families with young children or old people. This in a way shows that organic food are preferred by those who want to maintain their health and stay fit. As for the more affluent people being regular buyers of organic food, the price premium for it justifies this behaviour. 2.11 Consumer Behaviour: Consumer Behaviour is extensively studied in the field of marketing. Without consumers it is rigid for any sort of trade to run efficiently. Consumers are the raison-d-etre for a business mere existence. A business maybe a profit organization or even a non-profit organization. â€Å"The field of consumer behaviour is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use and dispose of products, services, experiences or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society†( Belch and Belch, 2007)). From the marketing point of view, it is a significant factor to understand the consumer skillfully and to aid to their needs, wants and demands to be successful. A consumer is the centre of attention in case of most marketing techniques; after all, it is the consumers a business needs to move forward. In the case of organic food, a consumer might decide to buy it for its benefits on health or the environment or maybe because of the advertising for it is attractive. There are diverse factors that affect the consumer decision making process which is also discussed further. 2.12 Models of Consumer Choice: 2.12.1 The Cognitive Model: Initially when consumers make a significant purchase, they may reflect on substitutes and discuss pros and cons with others with an intention of securing benefits and avoiding costs. This model is sometimes called the extended-problem solving model. (East, Wright and Vanhuele, 2008). 2.12.2 The Reinforcement Model: Choice is controlled by the factors in the environment that reward and aid some alternatives more than others. Managerial control is attained by altering the consumers circumstances. Nevertheless what is pleasing to one person may not seem so to others and this limits persuasion. (East, Wright and Vanhuele, 2008). 2.12.3 The Habit Model: The choice of consumers towards the product is sometimes controlled by managing stimuli (brand name, logo, pack features, colour attraction, etc) that have become allied with a product as a result of past purchases. Sometimes this is called stimulus control. (East, Wright and Vanhuele , 2008). 2.12.4 Consumer Behaviour Models: The objective of consumer behaviour models is to provide description, explanation and prediction of purchase behaviour. On the identical side the models provide a conceptual framework and so help researchers to locate and to examine new ideas so as to enhance better enlightenment and predictions of behaviour. On the constructive side these models aid to organize research results and to demonstrate the density of decision processes involved in even a simple purchase, such as a can of soup in the local supermarket. On the unconstructive side most of the models can be criticized as providing no more than a description of a range of influencing variables. There are four main clusters of factors that have an outcome on purchase behaviour. They are political, economic and technical; cultural and social; psychological; and marketing influences. (Bareham, 1995) Theories make it smoother to comprehend a concept as they sketch the causes and effects that are possible and what to anticipate provided the input (the happening circumstance) is given. In most circumstances, it is easy to analyze whether practical situations are normal and satisfactory with the help of proven time tested theories. 2.13. Marketing Segmentation: The market is divided into diverse segments based on their needs, tastes, income, and a lot of other criteria. Marketing segmentation is based on a lot of research and important factors to suit the requirements and purposes. Some of the marketing segmentation is as follows: 2.13.1. Geographic Segmentation: This involves segmenting the market by location on the assumption that people living in one location will have similar needs, wants and preferences and these will differ significantly from people living in other locations. There are some obvious limits to this assumption. People all over the world drink Coca-cola and buy Japanese electronic goods for instance. When you think about it from the viewpoint of the consumer, most buying behaviour is actually local. Localized consumer behaviour is often expressed through the presence of a significantly large cultural or sub cultural group that is different from the main stream. There are also geographically based differences between consumers for reasons that are more complex or obscure. It is not immediately obvious why some sections of consumers have different behaviour than the other sections. But knowing that, they will do it can be important to the marketing strategy. 2.13.2. Demographic segmentation: Demographic segmentation deals with the many ways if statistically categorizing all the people in a national population. For example, a national population can be divided into subgroups based on age, sex, income, education, occupation, social class, family size, race and religion. In a sense, there are also different ways of looking at the same individual consumer, because of course we belong to each of these groups. Different aspects of our identity will be relevant to different products at different times. Baby foods can only be marketed to parents of young children, for example and a middle-class, middle aged, middle income, middle manager is more likely to be in the market for an exercise bike than a motor bike. Some of the important specifics of demographic segmentation are Age: Age is perhaps the most frequently used demographic variable in marketing segmentation. One reason for this is that the lifecycle has been divided up by society into what seem to be easily recognizable groups that are clearly differentiated from one another- infants, children, teenagers, young adults food. Sex: Dividing the market into male and female segments is another frequently used strategy. But even here, the old marketing certainties are breaking down. It used to be a safe bet for marketers to target do-it-yourself products exclusively at men and supermarket shopping at women. But with the larger increase in single occupant hose-holds and one parent families (most of them female), many more women are buying things that men would do if they were in a family. In addition, more women than men buy for other consumers. Socio-economic status: A persons socio economic status is determined by education, income and occupation. Though there are many exceptions of course, these are three factors often in alignment. More highly educated people tend to do managerial and professional jobs that bring a relatively high income, and vice-versa. For obvious reasons most marketers are more interested in people with high socio economic status rather than low. Income is often considered the most important variable in this case because it is so easy to quantify and because it dictates entry to certain markets. But income by itself can be very misleading. Psychological segmentation: The attempt to come up with a practical form of consumer profile has concentrated on three areas of behaviour: activities, interests, and opinions. Segmentation by usage: This form of segmentation is based on information about volume and frequency of purchase for a given product. It is a popular way of segmentation of markets because there is a lot of readily available information about patterns of usage for most goods and services. In fact, with so many transactions now electronically recorded, a great deal more of data is available than is actually used. Perhaps the most familiar usage data is provided by the electronic point of sale (EPOS) used by supermarket checkouts. Not only are all the purchased items listed, together with their prices, but so is the date and exact time of purchase and the method of payment used. Segmentation by benefit: This form of market segmentation is based on knowledge of the benefits that consumers seek from that particular product. The task of the marketer is to include the appropriate characteristics- or the impression of them in the design of particular goods or services. In a sense this kind of segmentation is at the entire marketing concept find out what people want and provide it for them. (David a Statt) Segmentation is very important for a firm or an industry to market its products strategically and for it to be a success. In the case of organic food, it comes under the category of food which is a basic necessity and therefore would appeal to and include a lot many segments in the markets. In this research study we are considering only the United Kingdom and India. So geographically these two countries are covered. Demographically the middle aged and the older people will be targeted age wise, both sexes, and the middle class and upper class levels will be targeted according to the socio economic status segmentation. Since the middle aged and older people usually are the ones who go shopping for food, they are targeted age wise, both men and women shop for it, and when it comes to socio economic status, the middle and the upper income groups are targeted as organic food are more expensive than conventional food. Many shoppers especially in India will give up the idea of buying food when it comes to the price factor that is not acceptable for them. That is the reason why the middle and upper income groups are aimed at here. Most people both in India and United Kingdom consume food every day. In India, no meal is complete without fruits or vegetables and in the United Kingdom, people are encouraged to consume food everyday with the healthy 5 a day concept though it is already a staple portion of a healthy meal. These segments are most suitable for being aimed at for marketing of organic food and therefore they are the target segments. 2.14. Decision making process Decision makingcan be regarded as an outcome of mental processes leading to the selection of a course of action among several alternatives. Every decision making process produces a finalchoice.The output can be an action or an opinion of choice. There are many factors which are discussed below: 2.14.1 Communication Situation The situation in which the consumer receives information about a product or service influences the buying decision of the consumer. For example, in the case of organic food, an advertisement speaking about the bad impacts of the chemicals used in conventional foods right when the buyer is suffering from food poisoning might influence the consumer to buy food that is healthier and does not involve the usage of chemicals responsible for food poisoning and therefore influence the consumer to go in for purchase of organic food in future. 2.14.2. Purchase Situation: The sit

Essay --

Cassidy Eidse Mr. Pickett Language Arts 3rd Period March 12 2014 Gandhi â€Å"You must be the change you wish to see in the world†-Gandhi.Gandhi changed the world not by violence but by a nonviolent method that changed the way, not just India but, the whole world treated people. Gandhi always tried to attain equality and peace for the people of India. He was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1937, 1938, 1939, and 1947,but never got it. Some believe because he was a politician was the reason he did not receive it, while others believe that the work Gandhi did was not universal just in India was the reason He did not get the award("Mahatma Gandhi"). Gandhi was the fourth and last child born into his family. Gandhi’s childhood and adulthood were very different from this generation because we do not have segregation. Gandhi’s influence on the civil rights movement and his death had a big impact on the way we live today. Gandhi was born October 2, 1869 in Portbandar India. Gandhi’s full name was Mohandas Karmchand Gandhi("World Biography").Some of his nicknames later on in his life were Mahatma, father of the nation and Bapu which means, father. Gandhi’s mother was a strong hindu. His mother’s name was Purtlibai. Gandhi’s father was Karamachand Gandhi Gandhi’s father was a prime minister to a lot of Indian princes. He was born into Hinduism,and was also a vegetarian("Mohandas Gandhi").His father wanted him to study law, so Gandhi went to England to study law in 1888. Gandhi became a lawyer in 1891("World Biography"). Gandhi finished high school after getting married. Gandhi was married at the age of 13 due to his families religion. Gandhi was married to Kasturbai who was about the same age as him. Child marriage was part of Hinduism.... ... to Gandhi’s ideas. Nathura tried, but failed to shoot himself after the assassination. For the ceremony Gandhi was wrapped in a sheet and laid on a pyre of wood and burned. His ashes were scattered on lake Jumna’s waters.(Trumbull, Robert.) Gandhi’s life was different from ours because we do not have higher and lower castes. Gandhi’s impact on the civil rights movement and assassination changed the way we live our lives today.Gandhi’s childhood and early life lead up to his desire for better treatment for the people in India. Gandhi’s life had an important impact on how the people in India were treated. His influence on the civil rights movement helped the leaders of the civil rights movement become inspired. His assassination was a hard time for the people in India. Gandhi inspired a lot of people not just in India, but all over the world as well.

The History and Rules of Tennis :: Tennis Sports Athletics Essays

The History and Rules of Tennis March, 1913 An international conference is held between 12 nations in Paris, and, from this, the International Lawn Tennis Federation (as it is first known) evolves. March, 1923 The Annual General Meeting in Paris draws up the official ILTF Rules of Tennis which are implemented from 1 January, 1924. The United States joins the ILTF, making the organisation truly international. March, 1923 The Annual General Meeting in Paris draws up the official ILTF Rules of Tennis which are implemented from 1 January, 1924. The United States joins the ILTF, making the organisation truly international. 1977 The ILTF drops the word 'lawn' to take on its present name, the International Tennis Federation. 1988 After diligent work by ITF President, Philippe Chatrier, and General Secretary, David Gray, tennis becomes a full medal sport at the Olympic Games in Seoul. 1996 The ITF grows to incorporate 196 National Tennis Association Members including 126 Full Members and 70 Associate Members - a far cry from the original number of 12 founding nations. The Rules of Tennis [These rules to conform to the USTA's 1995 Rules of Tennis.] Index Explanatory Note The Singles Game Rule 1 - The Court Rule 2 - Permanent Fixtures Rule 3 - The Ball Rule 4 - The Racket Rule 5 - Server and Receiver Rule 6 - Choice of Ends and Service Rule 7 - The Service Rule 8 - Foot Fault Rule 9 - Delivery of Service Rule 10 - Service Fault Rule 11 - Second Service Rule 12 - When to Serve Rule 13 - The Let Rule 14 - The "Let" in Service Rule 15 - Order of Service Rule 16 - When Players Change Ends Rule 17 - The Ball in Play Rule 18 - Server Wins Point Rule 19 - Receiver Wins Point Rule 20 - Player Loses Point Rule 21 - Player Hinders Opponent Rule 22 - Ball Falls on Line Rule 23 - Ball Touches Permanent Fixtures Rule 24 - A Good Return Rule 25 - Hindrance of a Player Rule 26 - Score in a Game Rule 27 - Score in a Set Rule 28 - Maximum Number of Sets Rule 29 - Role of Court Officials Rule 30 - Continuous Play and Rest Periods Rule 31 - Coaching Rule 32 - Changing Balls The Doubles Game Rule 33 Rule 34 - The Doubles Court Rule 35 - Order of Service in Doubles Rule 36 - Order of Receiving in Doubles Rule 37 - Service Out of Turn in Doubles Rule 38 - Error in Order of Receiving in Doubles Rule 39 - Service Fault in Doubles Rule 40 - Playing the Ball in Doubles Appendix I - Regulations for Making Tests Specified in Rule 3

I’m not scared plot

So they had a race of running straight up the hill and the last child who lost the game would pay a forfeit. Michele was just about to overtake the second child, Salvatore, who was Michele' best friend when he heard his sister Maria scream. His sister was only 5 years old and she followed her brother stubbornly to ake part in the race. nfortunately, she hurt herself and broke her glasses. Michele had to stop and turn back for her. However, he became the last one to reach the hill. When he was on the top of the hill, the others had gone. Michele and Marla found an abandoned farmhouse and other children were there waiting for them. Because of Michele and his sister's unusual situation, they decided to make Barbara do the forfeit. However, the forfeit was so indecent that Michele offered to do the forfeit Instead of Barbara. After doing the forfeit, he discovered a hole with a sheet covering t and there was a boys leg in it.He was frightened and left the farm house quickly. When Wchele and his sister arrived Acqua Traverse, their father had been home. He had left home for a few months and both Michele's mother and her children were happy to meet him again. Michele had an arm wrestling competition with his dad, and his sister helped him win the competition, so that their father gave them the present. They had a good time with family at that time. The following day, Michele woke up early and his parents were still asleep. He couldnt help thinking about the ittle boys leg in the hole of the farmhouse.Although he was scared, he persuaded himself and rode his bike by his own to that abandoned farmhouse. He opened the cover, and asked whether there was anyone inside the hole. However, no one answered him. He picked up a stone and threw it at the boy. The stone hit him on the foot. Michele thought he was dead. He wanted to go down into the hole and see his face. Inside it was cold and he found the little boy was as young as him. He touched the boy with his toe. When he t ried to lift the blanket off the boys face, the ‘dead' boy ent his leg.After that, the boy stretched out his arms toward Michele without eyes opened. They both started screaming. Michele was frightened; he grabbed the rope and shot out of the hole rapidly. His father was angry with him because he fell asleep on the way home and forgot the time. He got out of the house and climbed on the carob tree. When he came back home, his dad had gone. Michele and Maria and their mum had dinner together. Then they went to bed quickly, but Michele couldnt fall asleep and he kept thinking about the little boy. The following day, Michele's arents were out.He went to the hill again because he wanted to save that little boy. The hole wasn't covered this time. He thought that the guardians of the hole must know that their secret had been discovered. The little boy was very thirsty and Michele got him some water. When Michele was getting water, he found a pan that was Just like the one they had a t home. The little boy didnt move any more after drinking water, so Michele covered up the hole and went away. After lunch, Michele's parents went to have a rest and Michele started to search for the saucepan, but he Hllppo.However, Salvatore Olan't care aoou t Hllppo at all. He got Mlcnele out 0T nls room. Michele couldn't fgure it out why Salvatore considered his secret as rubbish. He left for the abandoned house and met Filippo as he promised. Fillippo had been washed by the kidnappers and no chain was in his feet. Michele suddenly had a great idea. He wanted to take Filippo out of the hole. He tried to persuade Fillipo to come with him. At first, Fillipo didn't dare to go out with him. However, Michele had to lie to him. He said he was an angel and he was going to take Fillipo to the heaven outside.Finally, Fillipo agreed to get out of the hole. Michele found a leader and helped Filippo out. They had a good time, then he sent Filippo back into the hole. When he was about to go b ack to the ground, the ladder was pulled away. He looked up and found Felice watching them. Felice found out everything. He knew that Michele had been here for many times. He caught Michele and beat him. Felice pushed him into his car, and insides there was Salvatore. Michele realized that it had been Salvatore who ratted to Felice and told his secret to Felice. Salvatore had sold Michele for a driving lesson.Michele was broken-hearted about Salvatore's betrayal, and his body was hurting. When his mum saw him, she was angry with Felice because Felice beat his son. Michele's mother was out of her control and tried to beat Felice. She was almost going to kill him. When Felice threw himself on top of her mum and tried to insult her, Michele's dad and the old man came in. Michele's dad pushed Felice away. The men had a talk and when Michele's father came back, it was night. Michele's father came into the room and talked to him. He swore to his father that he wouldn't come back any more. When Michele was with his friends, they suddenly suggested going up the hill to the abandoned house again. After discussing, Michele decided to go with them. Michele was very nervous, and it seemed to be rain. He persuaded himself to uncover the hole, and there was nothing in it, either Filippo. He realized that Filippo had been taken away by those adults without saying goodbye. Salvatore said he heard his father talking to the other guys and he knew where Filippo was. He told Michele that Filippo was at Melichetti's, down in the gravina. When they came back to Acqua Traverse, they saw two helicopters ppeared and all adults had gone.Michele's sister said all adults had gone to Salvatore's house after they saw the helicopters. Michele led his sister back home and had supper and then they went to bed. The adults came at midnight and they shouted so loud that they woke Michele and Maria up. Their mother came in and forced them to sleep. She stayed very long and got up because she thoug ht Michele and Maria were asleep. Michele spied on them in his room and heard them talking about a plan. They were discussing how to deal with Filippo. Finally they decided to kill him and finish the whole thing.Michele quickly dressed himself and Jumped out of the window to save Filippo. He found Filippo in a hole after innumerable hardships. He helped Filippo out of the hole, but there was not much time left for him to get off the hole. He ordered Filippo hide himself and get away. However, he couldn't escape from the hole because his leg was hurt and adults were coming. He didn't succeed in climbing out of the hole, and his dad didn't recognized him, he shot him instead of Filippo. He was hurt heavily and finally a helicopter came over. He sacrificed himself for Filippo.

Discuss the scope of mixed branding Essay

Ans. Definition: Mixed Branding is where a firm markets products under its own name and that of the reseller(s) because the segment attracted to the reseller is different than its own market. Eg. The company sells its Elizabeth Arden brand through department stores and a line of skincare products at Wal-Mart with the â€Å"Skinsimple† brand name. Stratergies: When promoting a brand, companies sometimes choose to follow a multiproduct branding strategy, similar to automakers Ford and Toyota. In this regard, a company’s name is an umbrella brand for all its products. Coca-Cola, Apple and Intel have focused their energies on branding their corporate names and images rather than individual products. Grocery chains and big-box retailers use private-label branding to attract value-conscious customers. Advantages: Companies use branding to differentiate their products based on value, quality and other attributes. A positive brand image creates a halo effect that affects existing products and makes it easier to introduce new products. The â€Å"Intel Inside† campaign, for example, was designed to brand all Intel microprocessors as high-performance and high-quality products. Apple has followed a somewhat different route because it relies on its corporate name and unique product brands. A mixed-branding strategy can leverage a company’s reputation for innovation to carve out profitable market niches, such as Apple’s Mac computers for graphics-intensive operations, while developing entirely new markets, examples of which would be iPods and iPads. Kraft consumers know they are getting a quality food product, which makes it easier and more cost-effective for Kraft to introduce and gain consumer acceptance for new products. Disadvantages: The main disadvantage of branding is the high advertising and related public relations costs. Establishing a local or international brand requires years of sustained advertising, high levels of quality and exceptional customer service. A brand image and reputation cannot be established in a few weeks. Companies must continue their promotions even during economic downturns or when sales stagnate, because if they do not, competitors might fill the void and be in a better position when the economy turns around. These expenditures can reduce margins, especially if sales volumes are being affected by price competition or changing customer preferences. Also, there is the risk that poor customer service by wholesalers or retailers in the distribution channel might reflect poorly on the brand itself. Manufacturing issues that lead to product recalls, such as Toyota’s well-publicized problems with brakes from 2009 to 2011, can also affect a brand’s image, which usually requires additional expenditures to repair.

Personal Philosophy Paper Assignment Essay

I think that individuals in a society should function in a way to help each other to sustain a community alive and well. In order to keep the flow within a society continuous, the individuals in the society should abide by the rules of their community, which are set to prevent disorder or avoid a halt a community’s progress, and in this way a society can go on with its processes. Individuals should respect each other, and the rest, within their community; it is on these bases that humans have evolved with the basic morals that we recognize today. However religions have improved and â€Å"streamlined† basic regulations of ancient communities, and those â€Å"dogmas† or rules, from whatever origin they’re from, are what influenced organizations to get to how they are today, like the Puritan, Anglican, and traditional British influences on the US Constitution. I believe that people should be educated especially if they are interested in receiving that knowled ge, preferably with vocational schooling or internships, just like the apprenticeships that were popular in Europe long ago, but as for less technical subjects or careers, the traditional lectures should be adequate, like it should be in a university. I think that schools should be free for those that would truly benefit and thrive in them, but they’re not. However some reasons why people do not support free college are not unjustified. Students who wouldn’t commit themselves to take advantage of that free education would be obviously wasting people’s tax money. But unfortunately I’m not sure that’s the only reason why college isn’t free, like it is in Europe and elsewhere. Along the lines of morals, I believe them to be as they are in the Christian tradition, but as for culture, since religion can’t explain that, I am left to decide myself what is better for me. I personally find the culture of 21st century America to be repulsive in some respects but worthy of credit in others, I find customs of other cultures to be interesting. Here in America, many are interested entirely in materialism in life and are often driven by greed and vain pleasure. There are too many that (specificall y and especially around the neighborhood and community where I live) steal, kill, fornicate, and commit all kinds of crimes and immoralities. One of the most heartrending things is the lack of spiritually zealous individuals, most are totally uninterested in what they participate in, and I think it has to do with the fact that they don’t know the history, the reason or rationality behind things. This is why I don’t have any close friends because none that I know of, or rather scarcely any fall into the categorizations that I respect. I have high regards for Sir Thomas More for keeping to his stand in the face of death and against the violation of what he held to be true and just. I also respect G F Handel for following through with his artistic passion, even when the situations where grim and difficult. There are several others, who I revere for their works and deeds, but I can’t make much use of these people’s legacies – I know I don’t have the capacity to accomplish feats at their level. I hardly have any skill, talent, or much else that is uniquely useful or applicable to anythi ng, and whatever qualities that I may genuinely have, they are of little use because I’m usually lacking in some other aspect that would otherwise allow me to accomplish a task effectively. I believe people in society do have responsibilities that are not written down, nor written out in some special contract, rather there are those responsibilities that are expected to be followed regardless of the circumstances. Raising a child to be compatible with social norms, communal requisites, and the law, is an example of these responsibilities, but of course there are other such responsibilities that are followed by people of all walks of life; but as everyone in this world had parents at one point in their life, the position as a parent is thus of upmost importance. Technically, as a parent or guardian you are required by the law to be the caretaker of your own son or daughter (i.e. not just expected), but the law doesn’t get too specific on other details, and as a result these seemingly minor but meaningful details often go unaccounted for. Because some people are unprepared to have children and they do unexpectedly, a â€Å"gap† is left in each individual thereafter, where ordinarily there would be certain skills that would help a person to be socially adept as well as have the ability to pass on those attributes or skills if that individual decides to have children of his/her own. Personally I know that I do have such a chink, and it is also present in both of my parents as well – my father grew up with about a dozen other siblings, and his father had to work in the fields from sunrise to sunset, while his mother had to do what else she could, such as tailoring or making dresses to raise some extra money, my mother on the other hand, grew up as if she was an orphan, her mother being the eldest of again about a dozen other siblings, my mother’s father having been lost to a casualty, her mother set out to find work, leaving my mother to live on her grandparents’ farm with her other uncles, au nts, and cousins, as if they were siblings. As you might expect, my parents grew up in poverty, never went to college, and had to find work in new frontiers, ending up in occupations unlike those of their own parents. I don’t think having children is wrong at all – far from that mentality – but I think that people should plan or be ready to have a child and provide them with all the nurture and attention they are supposed to give him/her, or else, a pattern of spiritual, mental, social, and emotional poverty could possibly repeat itself. If you ask me if I’d like to be employed in a trade like the one of my father, I would have to decline, because put simply, I have never even received any kind of preparation from my father (not that I need much) in the occupation that he is in today, and I don’t blame him. My father has always told me that he wants the best for me, and that he wants me to get a proper education in order to lead a better lifestyle than his own. However, I don’t feel as if I’ve been adequately prepared to achieve that.

Mass media violence and the effects on children Essay

Violence on television has been an issue that has plagued man from the day it was invented. Numerous shows depict violent acts such as rape, murder, and other such acts that many people consider inappropriate for adolescents. According to some studies the average child watches about 27 hours of television week. In some cases it is as much as 11 hours a day on a weekend. With the current amount of violence that is on television today these same studies estimate that the average child sees 8,000 murders and 100,000 acts of violence before finishing elementary school. In 1992, there were over 1,800 acts of violence shown on television a day, over 360 those showed an act involving guns. Media scope’s National Television Violence Study found that 57% of television programs aired in 1994 and 1995 contained some violence most of these were cartoons. So the question is, should we ban violence from the television or should we just leave it the way it is? Some people believe that it should be banned from stations that show children’s programs to prevent the exposure of those children. Sometimes children see a great amount of violence on television, they begin to think that this is right and start to imitate the acts that they see on television, which are not the things that the parents want the children to learn from. One example of this is a thirteen-year-old boy who shot his best friend’s father and then put salt in the wounds. When he was asked why he did this he said that he had seen the same thing on a movie the day before. Psychological research has shown three major effects of seeing violence on television: Children may become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others. Children may be more fearful of the world around them†¦ Children may be more likely to behave in aggressive or harmful ways toward others. Children who watch a lot of TV are less aroused by violent scenes than are those who only watch a little; in other words, they’re less bothered by violence in general and less likely to anything wrong with it. One example: in several studies, those who watched a violent program instead of a nonviolent one were slower to intervene or to call for help when, a little later, they saw younger children fighting or playing destructively. Children often behave differently after they’ve been watching violent programs on TV. In one study done at Pennsylvania State University, about 100 preschool children were  observed both before and after watching television; some watched cartoons that had a lot of aggressive and violent acts in them, and others watched shows that didn’t have any kind of violence. The first group were less likely to share and more prone to hit or be destructive. Prime time programs average eight hostile acts per hour; children’s shows four times as much. People as a society today tend to over react to incidents where children are involved. The problem arises when some demented child who has serious mental problems and can’t define reality and fiction does a horrendous crime and blames all his problems on a show that he saw where two people kill each other. I can see the relevance of this argument but I can’t honestly believe that 50% of children can’t tell the difference between reality and the images they see on television. Without being taught children make their own assessments of the reality status of television programs. The opposing sides of this issue are the parents whose children are viewing the violent material and the television stations that broadcast the shows. Parents can help by just observing their children. Because there is a great deal of violence in both adult and children’s programming, just limiting the number of hours children watch television will probably reduce the amount of aggression they see. In addition: Parents should watch at least one episode of the programs their children watch.Parents can encourage their children to watch programs that demonstrate helping, caring and cooperation. Parents can protect children from excessive TV violence in the following ways: ï‚ · Point out that although the actor has not actually been hurt or killed such violence in real life results in pain or death. ï‚ · Refuse to let the children see shows known to be violent, and change the channel or turn off the TV set when something offensive comes on, with an explanation of what is wrong with the program. ï‚ · Disapprove of the violent episodes in front of the children, stressing the belief that such behavior is not the best way to resolve a problem. ï‚ · To offset peer pressure among friends and classmates, contact other parents and agree to enforce similar rules that limit the length of time and type of program the children may watch. Studies show that these non-violent types of programs can influence children to become more kind and considerate. Although there are different views on the impact of TV violence, one very strong summary is provided by Eron (1992) in his recent congressional testimony: There can no longer be any doubt that heavy  exposure to televised violence is one of the causes of aggressive behavior, crime and violence in society. The evidence comes from both the laboratory and real-life studies. Television violence affects youngsters of all ages, of genders, at all socio-economic levels and all levels of intelligence. The effect is not limited to children who are already disposed to being aggressive and is not restricted to this country. The fact that we get this same finding of a relationship between television violence and aggression in children in study after study, in one country after another cannot be ignored. The causal effect of television violence on aggression, even though it is not very large, exists. It cannot be denied or explained away. We have demonstrated this causal effect outside the laboratory in real-life among many different children. We have come to believe that a vicious cycle exists in which television violence makes children more aggressive and these aggressive children turn to watching more violence to justify their own behavior.† (p. 1) others believe that violence makes television more interesting and that if you take it off the air that the programs will be more boring and that they will go to the networks that are showing the violent programs that are interesting. The problem with this issue is the right of free speech. The networks have the right to show any thing that they want. The government does regulate some of the programs but they can’t see them all. Television viewers argue that if networks were forced to take the violence off the air that they would lose viewers and then they would lose the sponsors that they depend on. They also believe that this would be denying their freedom. Television stations have received many complaints from the public regarding the content of the violent shows that they show on their networks. A poll was taken in March 1993 showed that 72 percent of Canadians believe that TV entertainment shows contain too much violence. Major networks like NBC and CBS have received a great deal of criticism because there are viewed the most. However the major networks have said that most of the violence is shown on cable networks and not on their networks. Some networks are saying that violence is not the worst thing on TV. They say that sex, drug use, and alcohol abuse on television is more influential than the violence that is shown. As a result, the networks do not think about limiting the violence on  programs is as big a priority as limiting the sexual content or the drug use. The government has the right to cancel or edit any program that they see fit but the problem is that they don’t see all the programs before they are aired to the public. But because of the pressure of society, networks are becoming diligent in keeping a leash on what is said and done on their stations. Modern technology has come up with ways to regulate the violence and the type of television watched by kids. The summer of 1993 marked an important milestone for the issue of television violence. Due to the work of Senator Paul Simon (D-IL), the industry met and discussed the issue media violence with media activists. For the first time the industry leaders acknowledged that there might be some reason for concern. The broadcast industry and the cable industry both agreed to monitor their offerings for levels of violence. UCLA was chosen to monitor broadcast television, while Media scope was contracted to do the same for cable television. The final V-chip may not be a chip, but a modification of existing technology in TV sets, i.e., and the closed-captioning system. According to industry spokesmen, modification to the existing closed-caption to include the V-chip rating would not be difficult. A rating code would be carried within an unused portion of the television signal, the black bar that appears when the horizontal hole on a television set goes out of whack and the picture rolls. It would be an improvement over existing technology that allows parents to block an entire channel, since the V-chip could automatically block-selected programs. The Electronic Industries Association has been working on a V-Chip technical standard for more than 3 years. Many people have comments on the v-chip. President Bill Clinton looks on the V-Chip as giving the remote control back to the parent. The administration supported the V-Chip and has aided in the formation of a means to create a rating system. Senator Paul Simon, a longtime critic of the industry, surprised and disappointed many when he opposed the concept of the V-Chip and the legislation, which incorporates it into new television set. In an article written for Business Wire and also in a speech on the floor of the Senate he argues that: ï‚ · The V-chip is no substituting for the industry disciplining itself ï‚ · in areas of high crime where children watch 50% more TV, the V-chip would not be used ï‚ · Teenagers  will find a way around the V-chip. ï‚ · They will see the programs at the homes of other children ï‚ · it will take years for the V-chip to be in all TV sets TV needs to be cleaned up now. ï‚ · Will the V-chip distinguish between gratuitous, glamorized violence and other types? ï‚ · Will broadcasters shy away from any programming deemed to be violent? ï‚ · It will be a pro for cable and a negative for broadcast television. Yet it is broadcast television that has made the most progress in lessening violence. ï‚ · For 10- to 14- year-old males a negative rating will have drawing effect. ï‚ · In short the V-chip is a gimmick  there are some problems however with the v-chip. Some of these are: ï‚ · There will certainly be problems that are related to the implementation of the rating system and the use of the V-chip. ï‚ · Will the rating be carried just at the beginning of the program or will the rating be carried throughout the program so if a program is turned on in progress the rating will be read by the chip and the program will be blocked? ï‚ · Would each episode of a show be rated or would shows be given just one rating, regardless of content from week-to-week? ï‚ · If â€Å"R† ratings are limited to a post-9PM, would that mean that reruns of those shows could not air in the lucrative 7 PM8 PM time known as prime access, when the studios make their money back on programming? ï‚ · Some worry that a more detailed rating system could be used by pressure groups to target certain television programs. Advertisers could be forced not to advertise certain rating categories. ï‚ · It will be a huge job to rate 300,000 hours a year, plus the programs that are available for re-runs. The violence that is on TV is not the only way that children are exposed to. Video games are more based to violence because they sell more than any other type of game. Music is also a very good way to expose children to violence. Here are some facts related to the topic that I found on the Internet about games, the Internet, TV, and music industry. VIDEO GAMES AND CYBERSPACE VIOLENCE ï‚ · The Internet, a global â€Å"network of networks† is not governed by a government or private entity. This vacuum leaves no checks or limits on the information maintained or made accessible to users. No person or entity owns  the Internet, leaving no one accountable for the accidents, which occur, on its highways. ï‚ · The incidence of violence on the Internet is difficult to quantify because the technology has moved faster than our capability to monitor it. Evidence of violence is anecdotal rather than statistical mainly because communication on the Internet is private. Reported cases of abuse are relatively infrequent, but as the technology continues to advance, there is potential for great harm as well as great good. ï‚ · The Oklahoma bombing suspect obtained a copy of the â€Å"Turner Diaries,† a book which advocates the violent overthrow of government, off the Internet. Whereas before, one would have had to know exactly where to look and be pre-disposed to search for the book, the Internet made it easily accessible to a global audience. ï‚ · Although there has been less research on the effects of violence in video games and the Internet because they are new and changing technologies, there is little reason to doubt that findings from other media studies will apply here too. Young children instinctively imitate actions they observe, without always possessing the intellect or maturity to determine if such actions are appropriate. Due to their role-modeling capacity to promote real world violence, there is deep concern that playing violent video games, with their fully digitalized human images, will cause children to become more aggressive towards other children and become more tolerant of, and more likely to engage in, real-life violence. MUSIC VIOLENCE ï‚ · The Parents Music Resource Center reports that American teenagers listen to an estimated 10,500 hours of rock music between the 7th and 12th grades alone – just 500 hours less than they spend in school over twelve years. ï‚ · Entertainment Monitor reported that only 10 of the top 40 popular CDs on sale during the 1995 holiday season were free of profanity, or lyrics dealing with drugs, violence and sex. ï‚ · A recent survey by the Recording Industry Association of America found that many parents do not know what lyrics are contained in the popular music their children listen to. ï‚ · In September 1995, Warner Music Group bowed to public pressure and announced it was severing its 50% stake in Inters cope Records, home to Nine-Inch Nails and controversial rap artists Snoop Doggy Dog, Dr. Dre. , and Eminem. Rap artists simply turned to a different distribution network and their CDs continue to hit the stores with lyrics, which glorify guns, rape, and murder. Bibliography: http://tvschedules.about.com/tvradio/tvschedules/msubviolence.htm?iam=mt&terms=%2Bchildren+%2Band+%2Bviolence+%2Bon+%2Btelevision http://interact.uoregon.edu/mediaLit/FA/MLArticleFolder/kalin.html http://www.aap.org/advocacy/childhealthmonth/media.htm http://www.nctvv.org/ http://www.sofcom.com.au/TV/violence.html http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/social/tv.htm NAESP Homepage, http:/www.owt.com/cheifjo/qtvviolc.html,2000